PM2.5 attributable deaths in Europe by country

The highest number of deaths attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure in Europe in 2021 occurred in Poland and Italy, respectively. Almost 50,000 deaths were observed in both countries that year. In 2021, there were more than 250 thousand deaths linked to PM2.5 exposure in the EU.

Number of premature deaths attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure in Europe in 2021, by country

Characteristic	Number of attributable deaths
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Release date

2023

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Region

Europe

Survey time period

2021

Supplementary notes

Exposure to PM2.5 concentrations above the 2021 WHO AQ guideline level of 5 micrograms (one-millionth of a gram) per cubic meter air (µg/m³).

Attributable deaths are deaths statistically attributable to exposure to a risk factor, e.g. air pollution. The attribution is based on the evidence from studies for the causal link between a risk factor and a health outcome leading to death. Attributable deaths are considered preventable if their cause can be eliminated.

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